Egypt
Syria-Palestine
Asia Minor
Babylonia
Assyria
Middle Kingdom 11-13th Dynasties
11. Dynasty -- Thebes becomes the new capital of Egypt
Montuhotep III 2004-1992
Montuhotep III
2000 Founding of temple of Karnak
Montuhotep IV 1992-1984
Middle Bronze Gate
at Ashkelon
Execration figurine from
Egypt mentioning Palestinian cities
Jerusalem in the execration texts
Fall of Ur III 2004 ANET 455-463
Old Assyrian Period
2000-1800
12. Dynasty 1991-1785 -- capital returns to Memphis
Dispute between a man and his soul COS 3.146, pp. 321-326
Israel’s Matriarchs and Patriarchs
The Two Brothers COS 1.40, pp. 85-89; ANET 23-25 (parallel to Joseph story) Written in 19th dynasty
Family Tree of Abraham
Amorite Dynasties of Isin and
Larsa
Shu-ilishu, 2nd king of Isin 1984-1955
Map of Abraham's travels
Amenemhet I 1991-1962 capital at Lisht. Satire of the Trades =disparages all but the scribes.
Prophecy of Neferti announces Amenemhet as a charismatic savior. He will build the Wall of the Ruler against tribes of Northern Palestine and Southern Sinai COS 1.45, pp. 106-110.
Instruction of Amenemhet I, defended his accomplishments and said they
should be continued. COS 1.36, pp. 66-68; ANET
418-419 Assassinated and this instruction was composed by scribe under
orders from Sesostris. Assassinated due to conspiracy in harem.
Sinuhe 1950 ANET 18-22;
COS 1.38, pp. 77-82 --starts with death of Amenemhet; Sinuhe stayed in
Palestine, but eventually returned to Egypt; masterpiece of Pharonic
literature
Map of Sinuhe's Journey
Iddin-Dagan, 3rd king of Isin 1974-1954
Ishme-Dagan, 4th king of Isin 1953-1935
Zabaya king of Larsa ca 1941-1933
Lipit-Eshtar, 5th king of Isin 1934-1896
The Laws of Lipit-Ishtar COS 2.154, pp. 410-414; ANET 159-161
Ur-Ninurta, 6th king of Isin 1923-1896
Map of Jacob's Trip
Ilushuma 1960-1939 established trading links with Anatolia
Sesostris I (Senwosret) 1971-1926 invaded southern Palestine; endorsed from beyond the grave by the Instructions of Amenemhet
Imhotep, chancellor and high priest of Heliopolis
White chapel at Karnak; founded ca 1950 by Sesostris I
Letters from Heqanakht dealing with a poor harvest COS 3.1, pp. 5-9
Amenemhet II 1922-1878
Sesostris I
Amenemhet II
Lipit-Ishtar (1934-1924) Lipit-Ishtar's Law Code ANET 159-161; COS 2.154, pp. 410-414
Clay Cone COS 295, p. 247 Lipit-Eshtar construction project
Gungunum Larsa dynasty 1932-1906
Erishum I ruler at Assur 1934-1900
Ikunum restored walls of Assur
Puzur-Ashur I
Shallim-ahhe, mentioned in Cappadocian tablets
Sesostris II (Senwosret) 1897-1878 (Beni Hasan Painting ANEP 3, 382-384)
Illustrated in cell on right.
Beni Hasan Painting
Sesostris II
Laws of Eshnunna, 19-18c, COS 2.130, pp. 332-335; ANET, 161-163
First Dynasty of Babylon 1894-1595
Sumu-abum 1st ruler of First Dynasty of Babylon 1894-1881
Sumu-el king of Larsa 1894-1866
Warad-Sin king of Larsa 1890-1878
Nur-Adad king of Larsa 1865-1850
Sumu-la-el 2nd king of First Dynasty of Babylon 1880-1845
Enlil-bani, king of Isin 1860-1837
Old Assyrian Kingdom
Sesostris III (Senwosret) 1878-1841
conquered Shechem ANET 230
Eloquent Peasant composed
COS 1.43, pp. 98-104; ANET 407-410
Sesostris III
Niqmaddu I, king of Ugarit ca. 1850
Sin-iddinam king of Larsa 1849-1843
Sabium, third king of First Dynasty of Babylon 1844-1831
Sin-eribam king of Larsa 1842-1841
Sin-iqisham king of Larsa 1840-1836
Silli-Adad king of Larsa 1835
Warad-Sin king of Larsa 1834-1823
Apil-Sin, fourth king of First Dynasty of Babylon 1830-1813
Amenemhet III 1844-1797 ANET 229-230. Asiatics settled in Egypt.
Execration Texts ANET 328-329; ANEP 385
COS 1.32, pp. 50-52
Amenemhet III
Yaqarum I, king of Ugarit ca. 1825
"Jerusalem" in the Execration Texts
Execration figurine:
Sin-magir, king of Isin 1827-1817
Rim-Sin, king of Larsa 1822-1763; captured Isin in 1796
Yaggid-Lim, king of Mari 1820-1811
Shamshi-Adad I 1813-1781 Assyrian king ANET 274
Alalakh correspondence COS 3.99-102B; pp. 249-254; COS 3.125-126, pp. 276-277
Amenemhet IV 1799-1787
Queen Sobeknefru or Nefrusobek 1787-1783. Sister-wife of Amenemhet IV
Torso of Sobeknefru
Law Code of Hammurabi
Gilgamesh XI
Flood story
Sin-muballit 5th king of First Dynasty of Babylon 1812-1793; father of Hammurabi; defeated by Rim-Sin of Larsa
Hammurabi 1792-1750
Law Code ANET 163-180, COS 2.131, pp. 335-353; ANET 269-271 (other data on Hammurabi) ANE 246; ANEP 437;
Hammurabi
Law Code
Old Babylonian
Inscriptions: COS 2.107A-D; pp. 256-258
Samsu-iluna, 1749-1712, Edicts, COS 2.108, p. 258; COS 2.134, pp. 362-364
Composition of Enuma
Elish COS 1.111, pp. 390-402, ANET 60-72, 501-503
Atrahasis, and Gilgamesh Epic COS 1.132, pp. 458-460; ANET 72-99,
503-507.
Mari Letters ANET 482-483, 556-557, 623-625, 628-632.
Yahdun-Lim king of Mari 1810-1795
Sumu-Yamam king of Mari 1794-1791
Yasmah-addu 1790-1776 as governor of Mari; extensive Mari correspondence from this period. Son Ishme Dagan occupied Ekallatum
Ishme-Dagan I 1780-1741?
1953-1935
COS 2.94, p. 247
Zimri-Lim King of Mari 1775-1761 his daughters were used to
cement alliances and their letters are preserved
Zimri-Lim COS 2.112, p. 261 married to Shibtu, the daughter of Yarim-Lim I of
Aleppo
Zimri-Lim (center) and Ishtar (right)
13. Dynasty 1783-1650 50+ kings in 150 years--many Canaanite immigrants
ANET 554-554
Order of following unsure:
Wegaf ca 1795
Sobekhotep I
Sobekhotep II
Sobekhotep III
List of Semitic slaves COS 3.11, pp. 35-37
Sobekhotep IV
Awibre Hor ca. 1750
Userkare Khendjer ca. 1750
Semenkhkare-Mermenfitu ca 1750
Neferhotep I ca 1740
Neferhotep I
Ibiya 1715-1704
Djedneferre Dudimose ca. 1675
Wepwawetemsaf ca. 1650
MB gate from
Jerusalem 1800 BCE
Awibre Hor
Agum I 2nd Kassite king of Babylon, early 18c
Samsu-iluna 1749-1712; revolt by Rim Sin II of Isin.
ANET 271
Abi-esuh 1711-1684
Ammi-ditana 1683-1647
The Second Intermediate 14th-17th Dynasties
14. Dynasty 1720-1648
Possibly up to 76 kings who ruled from Sais in the Delta and overlapped with the 13th and 15th dynasties.
Hyksos Kingdom
Kashtiliash I, 3rd Kassite king of Babylon, ca 1660
Ammi-saduqa 1646-1626
ANET 526-528
15. Dynasty 1648-1540 Hyksos (rulers of foreign lands) ruled from Avaris in eastern Delta.
Controlled part of Palestine.
ANET 230-234, 554-555
Salitis ca 1650 chose Avaris as capital
Yaqub-Hor
Khayan ca 1600
Apepi Awoserre (Apophis) ruled for 40 years ca. 1555. best known of the Hyksos.
Apepi II (Apophis II) Aqenienre ca. 1550
16. Dynasty 1648-1540
About 17 minor kings who overlapped with the 15th dynasty
17. Dynasty 1648-1552 ruled from Thebes
Sekhemre Wahkhau ca 1650
Rahotep ca 1650
Sobekemsaf II ca. 1600
Inyotef VI
Inyotef VII
Senakhtenre Tao I ca 1570
Seqenenre Tao II ca. 1560 began process of expelling Hyksos
Kamose ca 1555-1550 drove back Hyksos
Hyksos Map
Hyksos Seals from Syro Palestine
Lawsuit from Hazor COS 3.120, pp. 269-270
Hittite Old Kingdom 1650-1500
Labarna -1650; adopted Hattusili I as his son
Hattusili I 1650-1620
COS 2.15, pp. 79-81 installs his adopted son Mursili on throne.
Mursili I 1620-1590
1595 conquered Babylon; assassinated by his brother-in-law Hantili
Hittite Laws, 1650-1500, COS 2.19, pp. 106-119.
Hantili I 1590-1560
Zidanta I 1560-1550 killed by his own son
Samsu-ditana, last king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1625-1595 defeated by Mursilis I
Kassite Dynasty 1595-1160 filled vacuum created by Hittite raid. Capital at Dur-Kurigalzu
Egypt
Syria-Palestine
Asia Minor
Babylonia
Assyria