Post Biblical Documents  
 

Apocrypha  
Coins
Dead Sea Scrolls
Elephantine Inscriptions
Josephus
Philo
Pseudepigrapha
Rabbinic Materials
Samaritan Studies
Septuagint Studies

  The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism. Edited by John J. Collins and Daniel C. Harlow. Review by Siam Bhayro in Review of Biblical Literature.

Apocrypha of the Old Testament

Last updated June 11, 2009

1 Esdras  Introduction by David Clines
1 Esdras.  Introduction and comments by Ralph W. Klein for the Access Bible.
2 Esdras. King James Translation
1 Maccabees  Introduction and Translation from New American Bible
The Book of Maccabees: History, Theology, Ideology.  Edited by Geza G. Xeravits and Jozsef Zsengeller. Review by Pierre Keith in Review of Biblical Literature.
2 Maccabees Introduction and Translation from New American Bible
3 Maccabees Revised Standard Version
4 Maccabees translation
Baruch
Bel and the Dragon (Daniel)
Bel and the Dragon.  Translation from New American Bible = Daniel 14
Chart of the Various Books of Ezra.
Defending the Deuterocanonicals.  By James Akin
Early Christian Writings:  NT, Apocrypha, Gnostics, and Church Fathers
Judith  Introduction and Translation from New American Bible
Letter of Aristeas
The Life of Adam and Eve:  The Biblical Story in Judaism and Christianity.   By Gary A. Anderson and Michael E. Stone
Online Deuterocanonicals and Apocrypha
Prayer of Manasseh. King James Version
Sirach  Introduction and Translation from New American Bible
Sirach Website by Franz Böhmisch
Susanna  Translation from New American Bible = Daniel 13
Susanna.  Revised Standard Version
Susanna: The Good, the Bold, and the Beautiful: The Story of Susanna and its Renaissance Interpretations. By Dan W. Clanton.  Reviews by Heerak Christian Kim and Robert Doran in Review of Biblical Literature.
Tobit  Introduction and translation from New American Bible
Wisdom of Solomon.  Resources from Text this Week.
Wisdom of Solomon.  Introduction and Translation from New American Bible

 

 

Coins

Last updated: January 25, 2011

Ancient Numismatics on the Web
Biblical Cities and Coins  By Ferrell Jenkins.
Coins of Pontius Pilate.  By Jean-Philippe Fontanille
Dave's Ancient Coins Page
Handbook of Biblical Numismatics.  By Mel Wacks
Jerusalem Through Coins. 
Judaean Coins Archive. This is a terrific site, well indexed.
The Menorah Coin Project
Numismatic Research Coin Project.com

 

 

  Dead Sea Scrolls

Last updated October 24, 2011


4Q Pesher Nahum and the Teacher of Righteousness.  By Gregory L. Doudna.  From the Bible and Interpretation Website.   The teacher is Hyrcanus II.  Also by Doudna:  4Q Pesher Nahum:  Critical Edition.  Reviews by Kenneth R. Atkinson and by Ian Werrett in Review of Biblical Literature
Aerial Photographs of Qumran
Ancient Historians and the Essenes
Ancient Treasures and the Dead Sea Scrolls.  An online museum exhibition sponsored by the Canadian Museum of Civilization and the Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls.  Excerpts from a book by Jodi Magness.  Reviewed by Kenneth Atkinson and by Rami Arav in Review of Biblical Literature
Beyond the Qumran Community: The Sectarian Movement of the Dead Sea Scrolls. By John J. Collins. Review by Philip R. Davies in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Second Princeton Symposium on Judaism and Christian Origins. Edited by James H. Charlesworth. Review by Matthew Goff in Review of Biblical Literature.
Biblical Interpretation at Qumran.  By Matthias Henze.  German Review by Tobias Nicklas and English review by Bilha Nitzan in Review of Biblical Literature and by Gale A. Yee in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
"The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. By Eugene Ulrich. Review by Andrew B. Perrin in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures and by Aaron D. Rubin in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Copper Scroll and the Search for the Temple Treasure. By Hershel Shanks. Reviewed by Kenneth Atkinson in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Courtyards of the House of the Lord: Studies in the Temple Scroll. By Lawrence Schiffman. Review by Dwight D. Swanson in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
David Bajot's Scrolls Page.  Photographs, maps, links.
Dead Sea Scrolls  Introduction to the scrolls, map of the Dead Sea area, and other information, Library of Congress Exhibit from 1993
Dead Sea Scrolls Fact Sheet.  By Edward M. Cook
Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Hebrew MSS Project   Site maintained by Norman Golb and Michael Wise of the University of Chicago
Dead Sea Scrolls Texts Available Online.  Texts and Translations.  University of Pennsylvania
The Dead Sea Scrolls:  What Have We Learned?  By Eileen M. Schuler.  Reviev by Jean Duhaime in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures
The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls. Fantastic photographs of some of the most important scrolls.
The Dorot Foundation Dead Sea Scrolls Information and Study Center (digitized copies of Aleppo Codex, Temple Scroll, and Great Isaiah Scroll)
The Enigma of Qumran.  By Yaron Ben-Ami.  From the Bible and Interpretation Website
The Fortress at Qumran: A History of Interpretation. By Robert R. Cargill on Bible and Interpretation Website.
The Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran
"Has Every Book of the Bible been Found Among the Dead Sea Scrolls?" By Sidnie White Crawford.
The House of the Lord: A Study of the Temple Scroll Columns 29:3b-47:18. By Magnus Riska. Review by George J. Brooke in Review of Biblical Literature.
Inventory of Manuscripts from Qumran
Israel Mosaic  Summary history of Qumran and description of the Qumran sect.
"Jannaeus, His Brother Absalom, and Judah the Essene."  By Stephen Goranson.
John Marco Allegro:  the Maverick of the Dead Sea Scrolls.  By Judith Anne Brown.  Reviews by Jason Kalman and Tobias Nicklas in Review of biblical Literatue.



Khirbet Qumran on the Web
Lawrence H. Schiffman, editor: Dead Sea Scrolls
 Mitchell Hoselton web site  Comprehensive and well-organized site.  The place to start.
Moeller, Fred:  Isaiah Scrolls from Qumran
The "Mysteries" of Qumran: Mystery, Secrecy, and Esotericism in the Dead Sea Scrolls. By Samuel I. Thomas. Reviews by Stephen Reed and Carol Newsom in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Mystical Texts:  Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice and Related Manuscripts. By Philip S. Alexander.  Review by Samuel Thomas in Review of Biblical Literature.
Nordic Network in Qumran Studies
On the Insignificance and the Abuse of the Copper Scroll. By Robert R. Cargill. Bible and Interpretation Website.
The Open Scrolls Project.  Aims to bring the Dead Sea Scrolls Online.
Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls  Run by the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.  A comprehensive site.  Generally considered the best site for the scrolls.
Outline of Objects and Topics from the Scrolls from the Dead Sea.  An Exhibit from the Library of Congress
The Parabiblical Texts: Strategies for Extending the Scriptures among the Dead Sea Scrolls. By Daniel K. Falk. Reviews by Matthew Goff and Lee Martin McDonald in Review of Biblical Literature.
Patriarchs who Worry about their Wives:  A Haggadic Tendency in the Genesis Apocryphon.  By George Nickelsburg
The Peculiar Prayer of 4QPsAp (4Q448).  By Ken Penner.
The Pesher Nahum Scroll from Qumran:  An Exegetical Study of 4Q169.  By Shani L. Berrin.  Review by Gregory Doudna in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Pesharim and Qumran History:  Chaos or Consensus?  By James H. Charlesworth.  Reviewed by Kenneth Atkinson, Shani Berrin, and by Gregory L. Doudna in Review of Biblical Literature
The Prohibition of the Habitation of Women:  The Temple Scrolls' Attitude Toward Sexual Impurity and its Biblical Precedents.  By Sara Japhet.  JANES 1993.
Qumran and Jerusalem: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the History of Judaism. By Larence H. Schiffman. Reviews by Sidnie White Crawford and Matthew A. Collins in Review of Biblical Literature.
  Qumran from Bible Places.com
Qumran in Context:  Reassessing the Archeological Evidence.  By Yizhar Hirschfeld.  Review by Jodi Magness in Review of Biblical Literature.
Qumran, The Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Archaeological Interpretations and Debates. Edited by Katharina Galor, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, and Jürgen Zangenberg.  Review by Kenneth Atkinson in Review of Biblical Literature.
Qumran Studies: New Approaches, New Questions. Edited by Michael Thomas Davs and Brent A. Strawn. Review by Heinz-Josef Fabry in Review of Biblical Literature.
  Qumran Visualization Project. 
Qumranica.  A Blog on Qumran by James R. Davila
Redating the Dead Sea Scroll Deposits at Qumran:  The Legacy of an Error in Archaeological Interpretation.  By Gregory Doudna.  Bible and Interpretation website.  Claims nothing in Qumran later than 1c BCE.
Rewriting Scipture in Second Temple Times. By Sidney White Crawford. Review by Stephen A. Reed in Review of Biblical Literature.
"The Rewritten Bible at Qumran." By Sidnie White Crawford.
Le Rouleau du cuivre de la grotte 3 de Qumran (3Q15): Expertise-Restauration-Epigraphie. Ed. by Jean-Michel Poffet, Daniel Brizemeure, Noel Lacoudre, and Émile Puech. Reviews by Brian Schultz and Samuel Thomas in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Scepter and the Star: Messianism in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. By John J. Collins. Review by Erik Eynikel in Review of Biblical Literature.
Scrolls from the Dead Sea  A Library of Congress Exhibit
Secrets of the Cave of Letters:  Rediscovering a Dead Sea Mystery.  By Richard A. Freund.  Review by Bilha Nitzan in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Serekh Texts. By Sarianna Metso. Review by Eric F. Mason in Review of Biblical Literature.
Shrine of the Book  The official museum for the scrolls in Israel.  Includes a Frequently-Asked-Questions page
Some Notes on the Archaeological Context of Qumran in the Light of Recent Publications  By David Stacey.  Bible and Interpretation website
Tabor, James:  Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls
Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit at Cambridge University  Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah
The War Texts:  1 QM and Related Manuscripts.  By Jean Duhaime.  Review by Annette Steudel in Review of Biblical Literature
Web Site of Peter Flint. Co-author, with James VanderKam, of the recent The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
What is the Importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls  History of discovery, content, importance.  Created by Will Varner on Christian Answers.Net
The Wiles of the Wicked Woman 4Q184
Women in the Damascus Document.  By Cecilia Wassen.  Review by Devorah Dimant in Review of Biblical Literature.

Elephantine Inscriptions

Last updated:  June 13, 2009

The Aramaic and Egyptian Legal Traditions at Elephantine. By Alejandro F. Botta. Review by Margaretha Folmer in Review of Biblical Literature.
Elephantine:  From Wikipedia
Das religiöse Leben der Juden von Elep;hantine in der Achämenidenzit. By Anke Joisten-Pruschke. Review in English by Robert A. Kugler in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Story of Ahikar--Grand Vizier of Assyria

 

Josephus

Last updated:  June 12, 2009

  Books and Articles on Josephus
The Christ Passage in Josephus.  By Solomon Zeitlin. First published 1928.
Credibility of Josephus.  By Magen Broshi of the Israel Museum.
Flavius Josephus Home Page.  Maintained by G. J. Goldberg Texts, charts, commentary, and links.
Josephus:  Antiquities of the Jews  Whiston translation.
Josephus from Wikipedia
The Levites in Josephus.  By Christopher Begg.  Response by Louis H. Feldman
The Life of Josephus--Autobiography
Online Text for Josephus.  From Early Jewish Writings Website.  Another access point to Whiston Translation
PACE:  Project on Ancient Cultural Engagement  Josephus and much more.
The Religion of Flavius Josephus.  By James A. Montgomery.  First published in 1920-1921.
 

Philo 20 BCE to 50 CE

Last updated June 12, 2009

Online Text for Philo of Alexandria  Translation by M. R. James 1917
Philo of Alexandria Blog
Philo:  Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Philo Online:  An E-Journal
Resource Page for Philo of Alexandria

 

 


Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament

Last updated:  February 24, 2011

Academy for Ancient Texts  Translations from many religions and countries, including Judaism
Apocalypse of Abraham
Apocalypse of Adam  Translated by George W. MacRae
 Apocalypse of Moses.
Apocalypse of Zephaniah
Apocryphon of Ezekiel
Ascension of Isaiah
Assumption (or Testament) of Moses.
Assumption (or Testament) of Moses
Book of Enoch.  Translation by R. H. Charles
The Book of Enoch, trans. by Robert Henry Charles
Book of Enoch.  Charles Translation.
Book of Enoch:  Sample Page and Introductory Comments
Book of the Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch)
The Books of Adam and Eve  R. H. Charles
Damascus Document (Fragments of a Zadokite Work) Robert Kraft
Damascus Document at Qumran
Damascus Document R. H. Charles
Did Christians Write Old Testament Pseudepigrapha that Appear to be Jewish?  By James R. Davila
Enoch, Levi, and Jubilees on Sexuality: Attitudes toward Sexuality in the Early Enoch Literature, the Aramaic Levi Document, and the Book of Jubilees. By William Loader. Review by Jessica Tinklenberg deVega in Review of Biblical Literature.
Enoch Literature.  James C. VanderKam  1 and 2 Enoch
IV Maccabees.  Text of this important apocryphal work.
Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch)
Helps for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha  (in German).
Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism  A site developed by Andrei Orlov of Marquette University that shows the influence of Jewish Pseudepigrapha and the Merkabah tradition on Eastern mysticism
Joseph and Aseneth. Translation by David Cook
Jubilees  R. H. Charles translation
Jubilees, Book of, Introduction and More Introductory Comments


 

Letter of Aristeas
Letter of Jeremiah.
Life of Adam and Eve--Electronic Version  By Gary Anderson and Michael Stone
Life of Adam and Eve.  Essay by Gary Anderson and Michael Stone.
Life of Adam and Eve Greek Version = Apocalypse of Moses
Life of Adam and Eve.  Slavonic Version Translation by R. H. Charles
Martyrdom of Isaiah  Online version from R. H. Charles.
Melchizedek.  Translation by Giversen and Pearson
Methodological Reflections on the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.  By James R. Davila, 2002
Odes of Solomon  By R. H. Charles
The Odes of Solomon. Hermeneia Commentary by Michael Lattke. Review by Majella Franzman in Review of Biblical Literature.
Old Testament Pseudepigrapha--University of St. Andrews
Online Critical Pseudepigrapha from the Society of Biblical Literature  Access to documents in their original languages
The Provenance of the Pseudepigrapha:  Jewish, Christian, or Other?  By James R. Davila.  Review by Sabrina Inowlocki and by Johann Cook in Review of Biblical Literature
Psalms of Solomon
Psalms of Solomon:  Introductory Notes by D. Jongkind
The Psalms of Solomon:  A Critical Edition of the Greek Text. By Robert Wright.  Review by Kenneth Atkinson in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
Pseudepigraphy and Group Formation in Second Temple Judaism.  By John J. Collins
2 Baruch.  Translation by R. H. Charles
2 Baruch:  Online Pseudepigrapha Project
2 Enoch  By R. H. Charles
Sibylline Oracles
Slavonic Life of Adam and Eve.
The Slavonic Pseudepigrapha Project:  Introduction, Bibliographies, Texts, and Translations Theology Department, Marquette
Story of Ahikar
Story of Ahikar

Testament of Abraham
Testament of Abraham
Testament of Adam
Testament of Job.  Translated by M. R. James in 1897.
Testament of Solomon  Translated by F. C. Conybeare
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs  By R. H. Charles
3 Baruch or Greek Apocalypse of Baruch. By R. H. Charles
3 Maccabees
Visions of Amran:  Online Pseudepigrapha Project


 

 

Rabbinic Materials

Last updated:  January 21, 2012

The Babylonian Talmud.  Translated by Michael L. Rodkinson.
The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature. Edited by Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert and Martin S. Jaffee. Reviews by Joshua Schwartz and Daniel R. Schwartz in Review of Biblical Literature.
Cantillation/accent marks in Hebrew Bible explained.  With musical tones.
The Culture of the Babylonian Talmud.  By Jeffrey L. Rubenstein.  Review by Joshua Kulp in Review of Biblical Literature
Genesis Rabba.  Midrash on the Book of Genesis.
Introduction to the Mishnah
The Legends of the Jews (legends volumes only) by Louis Ginzberg, trans. by Henrietta Szold and Paul Radin, contrib. by Isaac Husik (Gutenberg texts). Another translation from "Earth's Ancient History."
Masorah to the Hebrew Bible Explained
Midrash Bibliography
Mikra'ot Gedalot.  Sample page from Rabbinic Bible  Hyperlinks explain various sections.
Mishnah Home Page Sample page from the Mishnah
Rambam's Commentary on the Torah  Rabbi Moses ben Nahman 1194-1270
Rambi:  Index to Articles on Jewish Subjects
Rashi:  Encyclopedia Britannica 1911
Rashi  Access to the text of Rashi via Project Gutenberg.  By Maurice Liber; translated by Adele Szold.
Rashi's Commentary on the Torah Rashi = Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac 1040-1105
Rashi, king of commentators
Soncino Babylonian Talmud Translation into English
Talmud arranged by category
Talmud Home Page A graphical depiction of a page from the Talmud.
Talmud page translated:  Megillah 24a
Targum Jonathan to the Torah
Targum Onkelos to the Torah

Samaritan Studies

Last updated September 30, 2010

Differences in the Samaritan Pentateuch
The Israelite Samaritans
The Origin of the Samaritans. By Magnar Kartveit. Review by Thomas Hieke in Review of Biblical Literature.
Samaritan Pentateuch from Wikipedia
Tradition Kept:  The Literature of the SamaritansBy Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles.  Review by Alex Jassen in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
The Samaritans Home Page
 

Septuagint Studies

Last updated September 30, 2010

Codex Sinaiticus Digitalized
Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Scriptural Study (Robert Kraft)
Demetrios:  A Database of Septuagint Greek  Universities of Southhampton and Reading
FAQ on the Septuagint  By Peter Ballard.
Goodspeed Manuscript Collection from the University of Chicago
A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. By T. Muraoka. Review by Frederick W. Danker in Review of Biblical Literature.
Greek New Testament Gateway (Mark Goodacre):  Septuagint
Greek Text of the LXX
Hexapla Institute.  Plans to publish a new edition of the Hexapla
International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies
An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek by Henry Barclay Swete
Invitation to the Septuagint.  Excerpts from the book by Karen Jobes and Moises Silva on the Bible and Interpretation website.  Another review by Richard S. Hess of Denver Seminary
Letter of Aristeas (text).  Translation by R. H. Charles
Letter of Aristeas Introduction.  By Douglas Cox.
New English Translation of the Septuagint
A New English Translation of the Septuagint and the Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included under that Title. Edited by Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright III. Review in German by Wolfgang Kraus in Review of Biblical Literature.
Notes on the Septuagint by R. Grant Jones  Includes noteworthy differences between LXX and MT in Genesis
Of Kings and Reigns: A Study of Translation Technique in the Gamma/Gamma Section of  3 Reigns (1 Kings). By Andrzej S. Turkanik. Review by Johann Cook in Review of Biblical Literature and by Philippe Hugo in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures.
The Septuagint.  By Jennifer Dines.  Reviewed by Frank Shaw in Review of Biblical Literature
The Septuagint as Christian Scripture:  Its Prehistory and the Problem of Canon.  By Martin Hengel.  Review by Kristin de Troyer in Review of Biblical Literature.
The Septuagint:  Greek Scriptures for Greek-speaking Jews and Christians:  Some Current Research.  By Jennifer Dines.  Bible and Interpretation website
The Septuagint in English:  Brenton translation 1851.
Septuagint Online.  Electronic Resources for the Study of the Septuagint and Old Greek Versions
Septuagint Version of the Old Testament with an English Translation  Samuel Bagster 1794
Swete, Henry Barclay Website.  Rich range of materials from this significant 19th-20th century scholar (1835-1917)